A high-level, general-purpose programming language with straightforward syntax that allows developers to quickly create readable and maintainable codebases[citation:4].

A popular web development technology used to create dynamic applications that run seamlessly across browsers and operating systems[citation:4].

An object-oriented language known for its versatility, reliability, compatibility with multiple platforms, and built-in security features[citation:4].

One of the oldest and most influential programming languages, known for its speed, efficiency, and direct hardware access[citation:8][citation:10].

An extension of the C language that adds object-oriented features, used for high-performance software and resource-constrained applications[citation:4][citation:6].

A modern object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft that seamlessly integrates with the .NET platform[citation:4].

A modern superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft that adds static typing, enabling improved scalability and error checking[citation:4][citation:6].

A widely-used, open-source, server-side scripting language embedded in a vast array of websites, known for its ease of use and deployment[citation:6][citation:8].

A statically typed, compiled open-source language supported by Google, designed for simplicity, reliability, efficiency, and built-in concurrency support[citation:4][citation:8].

A systems programming language that emphasizes memory safety and performance without a garbage collector, making it suitable for security-critical services[citation:4][citation:6].

A modern, powerful, and intuitive programming language created by Apple as a replacement for Objective-C, with a focus on safety and performance[citation:6][citation:10].

A modern, statically typed language developed by JetBrains that offers concise syntax, null-safety features, and full interoperability with Java[citation:6][citation:10].

A language and environment specifically designed for statistical computing, data analytics, visualization, and machine learning[citation:6][citation:8].

Structured Query Language, a standard language for storing, extracting, and manipulating data within relational databases[citation:4].

A dynamic, open-source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity, famously powered by the Rails web framework[citation:6][citation:10].

A language developed by Google, optimized for building user interfaces, and best known as the programming language for the Flutter framework[citation:6][citation:10].

A JVM language that combines object-oriented and functional programming features, adopted for distributed data processing and scalable back-end work[citation:6].

HyperText Markup Language, the essential, foundational framework and standard markup language for documents meant to be displayed in a web browser[citation:7][citation:10].

Cascading Style Sheets, used to control the visual presentation, layout, and overall aesthetics of web pages, enabling responsive design[citation:7][citation:10].

A high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming, prevalent in engineering and research[citation:6].

A Unix shell and command language used for automation, scripting, and system administration[citation:4].

A task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, including a command-line shell and scripting language[citation:6].

A low-level programming language closely tied to machine code, used for direct hardware manipulation and performance-critical work[citation:10].

A high-level, general-purpose language known for its flexibility and strong text-processing capabilities[citation:6].

A purely functional programming language with strong static typing, known for mathematical elegance and reliability[citation:6].

A lightweight, fast scripting language embedded into games and applications, known for simplicity and performance[citation:8].

One of the oldest high-level languages, used heavily in scientific computing and numerical simulations[citation:10].